溃疡性 结肠炎

迹象 & 症状

Commonly, the first symptom of colitis is a progressive loosening of stool, or diarrhea. 大便可能带血，并伴有腹痛, 抽筋和迫切需要排便. 皮肤损伤和关节疼痛也可能发生. 结肠炎可能与以下问题有关:

• 关节炎
• 眼睛发炎
• Liver disease such as hepatitis, cirrhosis and 原发性硬化性胆管炎
• 骨质疏松症
• 皮疹
• 贫血

诊断。

Your doctor will ask about your medical history and perform a physical examination. Stool tests will then be performed to determine what is causing your diarrhea — colitis or something else. You will then undergo either a sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy to exam your colon.

乙状结肠镜检查

乙状结肠镜检查, 十大赌博平台排行榜使用一种叫做结肠镜的特殊仪器, 这是一个很长的, flexible tube that is about as thick as your index finger and has a tiny video camera and light on the end, 检查你的直肠和结肠下部. During the procedure, everything will be done to help you be as comfortable as possible. Your blood pressure, pulse and the oxygen level in your blood will be carefully monitored.

你的十大赌博平台排行榜会戴着手套给你做直肠检查, lubricated finger; then the lubricated colonoscope will be gently inserted. 当瞄准镜缓慢而小心地通过时, 你可能会觉得你需要大便, 因为空气被引入来帮助推进视野, 你可能会感到抽筋或饱腹. 然而，一般来说，很少或没有不适. 偶尔, 一些腹部压力, 哪个可以由你的护士提供, or a change in position may be needed to avoid looping of the colonoscope within the abdomen. Your doctor will advance the scope until he or she has examined the left side of the colon. Afterwards, the scope is then carefully withdrawn while a thorough exam of the colon is performed. 在考试的这个阶段, your doctor will use the colonoscope to look closely for any polyps or other problems that may require evaluation, 诊断或治疗. 这个过程通常需要10到15分钟.

结肠镜检查

“结肠镜检查”一词的意思是检查结肠内部. 结肠，或大肠，是你消化道的最后一部分. Its main function is to store unabsorbed food products prior to their elimination. 结肠镜检查是由胃肠病学家进行的, 消化系统十大赌博平台排行榜在消化系统疾病方面受过专门训练的十大赌博平台排行榜. 你的十大赌博平台排行榜将由受过专门训练的护士和技术人员协助.

该手术通过结肠镜进行. 这个装置很长, flexible tube that is about as thick as your index finger and has a tiny video camera and light on the end. 通过调整结肠镜上的各种控制, the gastroenterologist can carefully examine the inside lining of the colon from the anus to the cecum. The colonoscope contains a channel that allows instruments to be passed in order to take tissue or stool samples, 切除息肉并提供其他治疗.

The high quality picture from the colonoscope is shown on a television monitor. 结肠镜检查提供了目前最好的结肠成像. 这是一种比x光检查更精确的检查. This procedure also allows other instruments to be passed through the colonoscope. 这些可能会用到, 例如, 无痛切除可疑的生长物或进行活组织检查, 在此过程中获得一小块组织, 进一步分析. 以这种方式, colonoscopy help doctors assess whether surgery is necessary as well as what type of surgery may be needed.

治疗

目前，治疗结肠炎的唯一方法是手术. 然而, treatments are available that can relieve 症状 and suppress the inflammatory process. 治疗方法因疾病的严重程度而异. 大多数人需要长期服药. In severe cases or if cancer is found, surgery may be required to remove the diseased colon.

药物治疗

Drug therapy aims to improve the quality of life for people with colitis by inducing and maintaining remission, 或者无症状期. 治疗结肠炎最常用的药物有三种. These include aminosalicylates, corticosteroids and immunomodulatory medicines.

手术

估计有25%到40%的患者需要手术. 这可能是因为药物无效, 他们变得依赖皮质类固醇, 他们患有发育不良(早期癌症)或癌症, 或者出现疾病并发症, 比如出血, 结肠破裂, 或者是结肠扩张. In these cases, surgery to remove the colon and rectum, called proctocolectomy, may be recommended. 不像克罗恩病, 哪些会在手术后复发, 一旦结肠被切除，结肠炎就可以治愈. 然而, associated diseases associated with colitis may still develop or progress after surgery. 例如, 原发性硬化性胆管炎, 肝脏状况, 强直性脊柱炎, 下背部的炎症, 手术后还会有进展吗. 手术后需进行下列其中一项手术:

• 回肠袋肛门吻合术 也叫恢复性直结肠切除术, 这个手术保留了部分肛门, 这能让病人正常排便吗. The surgeon removes the diseased part of the colon and the inside of the rectum, 留下肛门的外部肌肉. The surgeon then creates a pouch from the end of the ileum and attaches it to the inside of the anus. Waste is stored in the pouch and passed through the anus in the usual manner. Bowel movements may be more frequent and watery than before the procedure and inflammation of the internal pouch is a possible complication. 这就是众所周知的袋炎. 然而, patients who have an ileoanal anastomosis do not have to wear a permanent external ileostomy pouch.
• 回肠造口术 在手术过程中, 外科十大赌博平台排行榜在腹部开一个小口, 叫做气孔, 他或她将小肠末端连接在其上, 叫做回肠. Waste will travel through the small intestine and exit the body through the stoma, which is about the size of a quarter and is usually located in the lower right part of the abdomen near the beltline. A pouch is worn over the opening to collect waste, and the patient empties the pouch as needed.