细胞学 exam of pleural fluid

定义

A 细胞学检查 of pleural fluid is a laboratory test to detect cancer 细胞 and certain other 细胞 in the fluid from the area that surrounds the lungs. This area is called the pleural space. 细胞学 means the study of 细胞.

选择的名字

Pleural fluid cytology; 肺癌 - pleural fluid

How the Test is Performed

A sample of fluid from the pleural space is needed. The sample is taken using a procedure called 胸腔穿刺术.

The procedure is done in the following way:

• You sit on a bed or on the edge of a chair or bed. Your head and arms rest on a table.
• A small area of skin on your back is cleaned. Numbing medicine (local anesthetic) is injected in this area.
• The doctor inserts a needle through the skin and muscles of the chest wall into the pleural space.
• 收集液体.
• The needle is removed. A bandage is placed on the skin.

The fluid sample is sent to a laboratory. 在那里, it is examined under the microscope to determine what the 细胞 look like and whether they are abnormal.

How to Prepare for the Test

No special preparation is needed before the test. A chest x-ray or ultrasound will likely be done before and after the test.

Do not cough, breathe deeply, or move during the test to avoid injury to the lung.

How the Test will Feel

You will feel stinging when the local anesthetic is injected. You may feel pain or pressure when the needle is inserted into the pleural space.

Tell your health care provider if you feel short of breath or have chest pain.

Why the Test is Performed

A 细胞学检查 is used to look for cancer and precancerous 细胞. It may also be done for other conditions, such as identifying systemic lupus erythematosus 细胞. 偶尔, microorganisms can be seen in cytology too, 但总的来说, they are best identified by culture.

Your doctor may order this test if you have signs of fluid buildup in the pleural space. This condition is called 胸腔积液. The test may also be done if you have signs of lung cancer.

正常的结果

Normal 细胞 are seen.

What Abnormal Results Mean

In an abnormal result, there are cancerous (malignant) 细胞. This may mean there is a cancerous 肿瘤. This test most often detects:

• 乳腺癌
• Lymphoma (cancer of the lymph system)
• 肺癌
• 卵巢癌
• 胃癌

风险

风险 are related to 胸腔穿刺术 and may include:

• 出血
• 感染
• Collapse of the lung (气胸)
• Difficulty breathing

参考文献。

勃洛克汉堡王. 胸腔穿刺术. In: Roberts JR, Custalow CB, Thomsen TW, eds. Roberts and Hedges' Clinical Procedures in Emergency Medicine and Acute Care. 7日艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019:chap 9.

汽巴西文. Pleural, pericardial, and peritoneal fluids. In: 汽巴西文, Ducatman BS, eds. 细胞学. 5日艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021:chap 4.

Chernecky CC, Berger BJ. 胸腔穿刺术 - diagnostic. In: Chernecky CC, Berger BJ, eds. Laboratory Tests and Diagnostic Procedures. 6日艾德. St Louis, MO: Elsevier Saunders; 2013:1052-1135.

Ruhl TS, Good JL. 胸腔穿刺术. In: Fowler GC, Choby BA, Iyengar D, et al, eds. Pfenninger and Fowler's Procedures for 初级护理. 第四版. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 218.